https://shooliniuniversity.com/media/pdf/MoU_People_Vigilance_on_Human_Rights.pdf
Saturday, October 26, 2024
Can the Neo-Dalit Movement Eradicate Emerging Fascism in India?
https://upr-info.org/sites/default/files/documents/2018-02/pvchr_upr27_ind_e_annexe1.pdf
#Dalit #Fascism #India #Bharat #NeoDalit #PVCHR
Friday, October 25, 2024
Empowering Marginalized Women: A Commitment to Justice
Empowering Marginalized Women: A Commitment to Justice
In our ongoing commitment to supporting marginalized and vulnerable groups, PVCHR has been at the forefront of human rights advocacy in Varanasi and surrounding regions. One of our key initiatives is the Mahila Sahayata Prakoshth (Women Assistance Cell), an essential effort in combating violence, discrimination, and injustice against women.
Recently, we revisited a key piece of our history—an identification card from 2002 that represents the direct involvement of our founder, Lenin Raghuvanshi, in this initiative. As seen in this ID, Lenin, serving as a key functionary of the Mahila Sahayata Prakoshth under the supervision of senior police officials, reflects our close cooperation with government bodies to ensure the protection and empowerment of women.
The Mahila Sahayata Prakoshth serves as a beacon of hope for countless women who have experienced domestic violence, gender discrimination, and societal neglect. Working hand-in-hand with law enforcement agencies, PVCHR aims to provide quick responses, legal assistance, and rehabilitation support for women in need. It is through partnerships like these, with local authorities and dedicated individuals, that we can create safe spaces for women to reclaim their dignity and rights.
This document from 2002 stands as a testament to our long-standing dedication to social justice, gender equality, and human rights. It reflects our consistent and passionate advocacy that continues to this day, not just in words but in actions that bring real change to communities.
At PVCHR, we believe in building a future where women are not just survivors but leaders, empowered to make decisions for their own lives and those of their communities. Our continued engagement with government bodies, coupled with our grassroots activism, remains central to our mission of creating a just and equitable society for all.
Join us in our journey towards empowering marginalized women and ensuring that human rights remain at the heart of all societal progress.
Tuesday, October 22, 2024
Sunday, October 20, 2024
Shruti Nagvanshi: A Beacon of Social Change and Justice
Shruti Nagvanshi with the medal awarded to PVCHR as a Friend of the German Parliament.
Shruti Nagvanshi is a renowned social activist and human rights advocate whose life mission revolves around empowering marginalized communities, especially Dalits, women, and children. As a co-founder of the People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR) and founder of Savitri Bai Phule Mahila Panchayat, Shruti has dedicated her life to breaking the caste barriers, challenging patriarchy, and promoting communal harmony. Her work addresses systemic injustices in education, healthcare, and legal rights, ensuring that the most vulnerable are given a voice and an opportunity to rise.
Under her leadership at PVCHR and JanMitra Nyas, Shruti has overseen initiatives that significantly improved maternal and child health, reduced malnutrition, and transformed over 50 villages in Varanasi. Her approach focuses on empowering local communities by providing education, health services, and legal support, allowing them to advocate for their rights and take ownership of their future.
Shruti's work has been recognized globally. She has received numerous awards, including the Rex Karmveer Chakra (Silver) in 2019, the Jan Mitra Award in 2000, the Top 100 Women Achievers of India in 2016, and the Public Peace Prize (2020-21). Her contributions to gender equality, social justice, and grassroots development were also acknowledged by the United Nations at the 68th Commission on the Status of Women.
A fearless advocate for change, Shruti’s leadership embodies compassion, integrity, and courage. She empowers others to rise above oppression, offering mentorship to young activists and creating pathways for future generations to fight for justice and equality. Through her tireless efforts, Shruti Nagvanshi continues to inspire countless individuals to believe in the power of collective action and to push for a world where dignity and human rights prevail for all.
Saturday, October 19, 2024
Addressing Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Varanasi: A Human Rights Issue
Healthcare workers conduct hemoglobin tests for adolescent girls in Varanasi, as part of an initiative to address the alarming rates of anemia. This community-driven effort aims to improve the health and future prospects of these young girls through regular health check-ups and nutritional education.
Addressing Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Varanasi: A Human Rights Issue
Case No.- 20502/24/72/2024
The issue of anemia among adolescent girls in Varanasi has come to the forefront as a serious public health and human rights concern. A complaint, dated 05/08/2024, submitted by Shruti Nagvanshi of JanMitra Nyas to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), has initiated action, as outlined in NHRC's communication to the District Magistrate of Varanasi on 17/10/2024. The Commission has requested swift action to address this pressing issue, associating the complainant in the process, with a report due within eight weeks.
The complaint is based on alarming findings from a health survey conducted by JanMitra Nyas, with support from CRY, which reveals that a staggering 94.5% of the 685 adolescent girls tested in Varanasi suffer from varying degrees of anemia. The breakdown of the results is deeply troubling:
- Severe Anemia: 56 girls (8.2%)
- Moderate Anemia: 489 girls (71.4%)
- Mild Anemia: 102 girls (14.9%)
- No Anemia: Only 38 girls (5.5%)
These statistics point to an urgent public health crisis, with anemia contributing to long-term physical and cognitive development issues, chronic fatigue, and even life-threatening conditions such as cardiovascular complications. This is not just a medical issue but a human rights violation, as it deprives these young girls of the opportunity to lead healthy, productive lives.
Interventions by JanMitra Nyas
Recognizing the severity of the problem, JanMitra Nyas has already initiated several interventions:
- Iron Supplement Distribution: Providing iron supplements to combat the immediate effects of anemia.
- Nutritional Education: Raising awareness about the importance of a balanced diet, rich in iron and other nutrients, to prevent anemia.
- Healthcare Access: Facilitating regular health check-ups and improving access to Community Health Centers (CHCs), Primary Health Centers (PHCs), and Sub Centers - Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs).
While these efforts are crucial, Shruti Nagvanshi has emphasized the need for a more coordinated, systemic response from government and public health authorities.
Recommendations to NHRC
In her appeal to the NHRC, Shruti Nagvanshi has called for the following actions:
Strengthening the National Nutritional Anemia Control Programme (NNACP): She urges the NHRC to review the current implementation of the NNACP, ensuring that it is adequately funded, implemented effectively, and held accountable.
Health and Human Rights Education: She advocates for the integration of health and human rights education into formal and informal curricula, to empower girls and communities to understand and combat anemia.
Comprehensive Health Legislation: She calls for legislation that focuses on the rights of women and children, particularly adolescent girls, ensuring access to essential healthcare services.
Urgency of the Situation
The health crisis affecting adolescent girls in Varanasi is not just a matter of public health but a pressing human rights issue. Immediate action is necessary to prevent further deterioration of the health of these girls, who represent the future of our society. The NHRC’s involvement in this matter signals the seriousness with which the issue is being addressed, and it is hoped that the District Magistrate of Varanasi will take swift and meaningful action in response.
The case serves as a reminder of the broader systemic issues that need to be tackled in India’s healthcare system, particularly concerning marginalized communities. It is also a call to civil society, government agencies, and international organizations to collaborate in combating this silent crisis.
For further insights into this pressing issue, Shruti Nagvanshi has published a detailed article on the subject, which can be accessed via the US news portal Medium: Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Varanasi: A Concerning Scenario.
| Case No.- 20502/24/72/2024 |
| NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION |
| (LAW DIVISION) |
| * * * |
| MANAV ADHIKAR BHAWAN, BLOCK-C, |
| G.P.O. COMPLEX, INA, NEW DELHI- 110023 |
| Fax No.: 011-24651332 Website: www.nhrc.nic.in |
| Date : 17/10/2024 |
| To, |
THE DISTRICT MAGISTRATE
Collectorate Compound, Hamrautia,
VARANASI UTTAR PRADESH
221001
Email- dmvar@nic.in
Collectorate Compound, Hamrautia,
VARANASI UTTAR PRADESH
221001
Email- dmvar@nic.in
| Sir/Madam, |
| The complaint/intimation dated 05/08/2024, received from SHRUTI NAGVANSHI in respect of ADOLESCENT GIRLS, was placed before the Commission on 17/10/2024. Upon perusing the same, the Commission directed as follows: |
| This complaint be transmitted to the concerned authority for such action as deemed appropriate. The authority concerned is directed to take appropriate action within 8 weeks associating the complainant/victim and to inform him/her of the action taken in the matter. |
| 2. Accordingly, I am attaching scanned copy of the complaint/intimation for necessary action as per the directions of the Commission. |
Yours faithfully |
| CC to |
Complainant Details: Links for details: https://www.scribd.com/document/781592915/Addressing-Anemia-Among-Adolescent-Girls-in-Varanasi-A-Human-Rights-Issue |
Addressing Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Varanasi: A Human Rights Issue by pvchr.india9214 on Scribd
Addressing Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in Varanasi: A Human Rights Issue by pvchr.india9214 on Scribd
Wednesday, October 16, 2024
National Human Rights Commission Calls for Additional Reports on Alleged Police Encounter in Kaushambi
On 15th October 2024, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) issued an order requesting additional information in a case involving the alleged death of Vijay Soni, who died in an encounter with the police in Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh. The case, filed by human rights activist Lenin Raghuvanshi, raises serious questions about police conduct and potential violations of human rights during the incident.
Background of the Case
According to the complaint, on 10th September 2023, police personnel arrived at the house of Vijay Soni, a resident of Kaushambi, and began beating him. When his mother intervened, the officers allegedly abused her and threatened to drag her away. After being detained, Vijay disappeared, and his family was unable to trace him at the local police station.
The complaint further states that on 12th September 2023, Vijay was taken to a forest area by the police, tied up, and forced to handle a pistol. The police allegedly filmed this, fired shots at Vijay, and ultimately delivered him to Swaroop Rani Hospital in a critical condition. Tragically, he died during treatment. His mother, Smt. Anju Devi, also filed a complaint with the NHRC, which was combined with this case.
Action Taken So Far
In response to the initial complaint, the Additional Superintendent of Police, Kaushambi, submitted a report claiming that Vijay died in a police encounter. The report referenced two First Information Reports (FIRs) filed under Charwa PS FIR Nos. 197/2023 and 198/2023, accusing Vijay of criminal activity and detailing the events leading to the encounter.
A magisterial inquiry into the encounter was also conducted, and the report was submitted to the NHRC. However, the Commission, upon reviewing the material, found the reports incomplete and has requested further evidence to clarify the circumstances surrounding Vijay’s death.
NHRC’s Additional Information Request
The NHRC has directed the Superintendent of Police, Kaushambi, to provide comprehensive documentation within six weeks, including:
- General Diary (GD) entries related to the departure and return of the police before and after the encounter.
- FIR copies (with English translations if necessary).
- Seizure memos and the MLC (Medico-Legal Case) reports of any injured police personnel.
- Criminal history of the deceased, if any exists.
- A detailed site plan of the encounter scene.
- A postmortem report with specific details about the nature of Vijay’s injuries, including any evidence of close-range firing such as blackening or charring.
- Results from a forensic examination of the victim’s "hand wash" to determine if gunpowder residue was present, suggesting whether he fired a weapon.
- Ballistic and fingerprint reports to confirm whether the weapon recovered from the scene was indeed fired by Vijay.
- Reports from the investigation agency about the case status.
Why This Matters
The NHRC’s call for detailed reports highlights the ongoing struggle to ensure accountability in police encounters. Such incidents often raise suspicions of extra-judicial killings, or "fake encounters," where the police are accused of fabricating stories to justify unlawful actions. The NHRC’s involvement is a crucial step in seeking truth and justice for the victims of these encounters and ensuring that human rights violations are not left unchecked.
The incident in Kaushambi has gained significant attention due to the allegations that Vijay Soni was not only unjustly beaten and detained but also framed in a staged encounter. The outcome of the NHRC’s investigation will be critical in determining whether the police acted lawfully or were complicit in a gross violation of human rights.
Next Steps
The NHRC has given the concerned authorities a deadline of 6th December 2024 to submit all the requested documents and reports. The Commission’s focus on transparency and thorough investigation underscores its commitment to upholding human rights standards in India.
This case will be closely followed by human rights organizations, legal experts, and the public, as it touches upon critical issues related to police accountability, the rule of law, and the protection of citizens’ rights.
Lenin Raghuvanshi, who has been actively advocating for the victim’s family, expressed hope that the NHRC’s inquiry will lead to justice for Vijay Soni and his family. The NHRC’s call for extensive documentation from the police and forensic experts represents a significant step towards achieving that justice.
Stay tuned for further updates on this evolving story.
A Tragic Tale of Betrayal: Seeking Justice Amidst Police Brutality and Corruption
Narayan Prasad's heart-wrenching narrative exposes the grim realities of seeking justice in the face of rampant police brutality and corruption. His emotional account sheds light on the challenges faced by countless individuals like him, struggling to navigate a system rife with injustice and deceit.
Narayan's voice echoes with anguish as he recounts the treacherous path he was forced to tread in pursuit of justice for his beloved son, Vijay. Despite the cruel hand fate dealt him, his resilience shines through, bearing witness to the inherent strength of a grieving father. His experience at the hands of the very legal system meant to protect citizens unravels a shocking tale of betrayal, with the lawyer he trusted compromising with the police instead of offering genuine support.
The overwhelming grief that continues to consume Narayan is palpable as he recounts the injustice his son endured. Vijay, a 21-year-old laborer, was subjected to unlawful arrest, brutal assault, and police coercion, leading to his tragic death. His detainment, abuse, and eventual fatal injury at the hands of the police lay bare the deeply entrenched corruption within the law enforcement system.
The betrayal didn't stop with the police. The lawyer Narayan trusted to fight for his son’s justice manipulated him into accepting bribes and surrendering to pressure. When Narayan and his family refused, the situation escalated into violence. Narayan, his wife, and daughter were beaten by the lawyer and his accomplices, leaving them broken and helpless. Even female police officers refused to intervene, showcasing the fear and powerlessness that dominates the system.
The police brutality that led to Vijay’s death was even more horrifying. Vijay was arrested without explanation and taken to a remote area, where the police fabricated a staged shootout, shooting Vijay in the shoulder and later taunting him at the hospital. Narayan and his family were forced to pay bribes to secure Vijay’s surgery, only to watch him bleed to death after receiving an injection that brought his life to a tragic end.
This traumatic experience has left Narayan with unbearable grief, haunted by the face of his son and the unrelenting memories of injustice. Narayan's tragic loss highlights the urgent need for police reform, accountability, and empathy. His unwavering quest for justice stands as a beacon of hope, inspiring a collective call to action against the systemic abuses that plague communities across India.
Narayan’s story is a stark reminder of the human cost of police corruption, and it serves as a call to action for immediate reforms to protect the rights and dignity of vulnerable citizens like him. The cries of grieving families must be heard, and the system must be held accountable for the loss of innocent lives.
For more details on this tragic story, visit the link: A Mother's Plea for Justice.
Link for details: https://pvchr.blogspot.com/2023/10/a-tragic-tale-of-betrayal-seeking.html
From: <nhrc.india@nic.in>
Date: Tue, Oct 15, 2024 at 8:38 AM
Subject: Additional Information Called for(AIC) -26139/24/4/2023-AFE
To: <spksi-up@nic.in>, <spksi-up@upcctns.gov.in>, <spkaushambi@nic.in>, <pvchr.adv@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, Oct 15, 2024 at 8:38 AM
Subject: Additional Information Called for(AIC) -26139/24/4/2023-AFE
To: <spksi-up@nic.in>, <spksi-up@upcctns.gov.in>, <spkaushambi@nic.in>, <pvchr.adv@gmail.com>
| Case No.- 26139/24/4/2023-AFE |
| NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION |
| (LAW DIVISION) |
| * * * |
| MANAV ADHIKAR BHAWAN, BLOCK-C, |
| G.P.O. COMPLEX, INA, NEW DELHI- 110023 |
| Fax No.: 011-24651332 Website: www.nhrc.nic.in |
| Date : 15/10/2024 |
| To, |
| THE SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE KAUSHAMBI UTTAR PRADESH Email- spksi-up@nic.in,spksi-up@ |
| Sub : Complaint/Intimation from |
|
LENINRAGHUVNASHI |
| Subject: Additional Information Called for(AIC) -26139/24/4/2023-AFE. |
| Sir/Madam, |
| I am directed to say that the matter was considered by the Commission on 15/10/2024 and the Commission has directed as follows.: |
| The Commission on 30.9.2023
received a complaint from Shri Lenin Raghuvanshi, a human rights
activist from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh stating that on 10.09.2023, two
police vehicles came to one Vijay Soni's house. In which two or three
policemen were in uniform and one in plain clothes. As soon as they
arrived, they started beating Shri Vijay and when his mother tried to
save him, the police abused her and asked her to get away otherwise they
will drag her naked. The complainant has further stated that the
victim's mother went to the local police station with her husband but
she was not able to trace her son there. On 11.09.2023, the victim sent
an email to the CM portal and the Police Commissioner. It is further
mentioned in the complaint that on 12.09.2023, the police took said
Vijay to the forest of Kaushambi where his hands and mouth were tied.
The police gave him a pistol and made a video of him and after that,
fired bullets at him. The bullet hit his right shoulder. After that the
police took him to Swaroop Rani Hospital where he died during the course
of treatment. The complainant has requested the Commission to intervene
into the matter. |
| 2. It is therefore, requested that the additional/complete report as directed by the Commission in the matter be sent latest by 06/12/2024, for futher consideration by the Commission. |
| 3. Any communication by public authorities in this matter may please be sent to the Commission through the HRCNet Portal (https://hrcnet.nic.in) by using id and password already provided to the public authorities (click Authority Login). Any Audio/ Video CDs/ pen drives etc. may be sent through Speed Post/ per bearer. The reports/ responses sent through email may not be entertained |
|
Your’s faithfully
|
| CC to |
|
Mukesh
Link for details: https://www.scribd.com/document/780629532/National-Human-Rights-Commission-Calls-for-Additional-Reports-on-Alleged-Police-Encounter-in-Kaushambi |
National Human Rights Commission Calls for Additional Reports on Alleged Police Encounter in Kaushambi by pvchr.india9214 on Scribd
National Human Rights Commission Calls for Additional Reports on Alleged Police Encounter in Kaushambi by pvchr.india9214 on Scribd
Saturday, October 12, 2024
The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize: Nihon Hidankyo's Legacy and the Struggle Against Hegemonic Masculinity, Militarism, and Nuclear Proliferation
The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize: Nihon Hidankyo's Legacy and the Struggle Against Hegemonic Masculinity, Militarism, and Nuclear Proliferation
- Lenin Raghuvanshi
1. Introduction
- Setting the Context: Begin by discussing the historical and symbolic significance of the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize being awarded to Nihon Hidankyo. This section should provide an overview of the organization, its historical roots in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and its persistent advocacy for nuclear disarmament over the decades.
- Purpose of the Research: The thesis should outline how this award highlights the global struggle for peace and disarmament while critiquing the entrenched systems of hegemonic masculinity and militarism that perpetuate nuclear proliferation.
- Research Questions: What is the role of Nihon Hidankyo in shaping global disarmament discourse? How does the connection between masculinity and militarism exacerbate nuclear proliferation? What lessons can we learn from the experiences of countries like India and Pakistan regarding their nuclear policies, deeply influenced by gendered power dynamics?
2. Historical Context: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the Origins of Nihon Hidankyo
- The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: A detailed recount of the bombings, including testimonies from survivors, medical data on radiation sickness, and the long-term effects on the populations of both cities. Emphasize the global shockwaves this caused, influencing both international disarmament efforts and Japan’s post-war identity as a pacifist state.
- Formation of Nihon Hidankyo: Established in 1956, Nihon Hidankyo emerged as a national organization to unite the voices of Hibakusha and push for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Discuss the founding principles, leadership, and early struggles in gaining global recognition.
- Japan’s Post-War Pacifism and Disarmament Advocacy: Japan’s constitution, especially Article 9, renounces war. Analyze how this pacifist stance post-WWII shaped the internal and external discourse on nuclear weapons. Nihon Hidankyo became a cornerstone of Japan's broader anti-nuclear advocacy.
3. Nihon Hidankyo’s Global Contributions to Peace and Disarmament
- The Power of Survivor Testimony: Central to Nihon Hidankyo’s activism is the sharing of first-hand accounts from Hibakusha. In this section, delve deeply into how survivor testimony has humanized the abstract concept of nuclear warfare. Use prominent figures like Setsuko Thurlow and Sumiteru Taniguchi as case studies, highlighting their international efforts to lobby for nuclear disarmament.
- Influence on International Treaties: Nihon Hidankyo’s advocacy directly contributed to significant milestones, such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Discuss the organization's participation in United Nations conferences and their sustained efforts to mobilize civil society.
- Nuclear Taboo and Constructivism in International Relations: Introduce the concept of the nuclear taboo, a term used to describe the moral and normative stigma associated with the use of nuclear weapons. Reference IR theorists like Nina Tannenwald, and explain how Nihon Hidankyo played a crucial role in building this international norm. Use this as a springboard to analyze the role of civil society in shaping state behavior.
4. Hegemonic Masculinity and Nuclear Weapons: Theoretical Perspectives
- Understanding Hegemonic Masculinity: Drawing on the work of R.W. Connell, define hegemonic masculinity as the dominant form of masculinity that emphasizes strength, control, aggression, and dominance. Explore how this concept is relevant to international security, particularly in the nuclear age.
- Militarism and the Masculinization of the State: Analyze how the pursuit and maintenance of nuclear arsenals are often seen as markers of national strength and prestige. This section should explore the deep-rooted link between military power and masculine identity. Discuss how nuclear weapons symbolize ultimate dominance and control, fitting neatly into the traditional masculine archetype of protection and aggression.
- Intersectionality and the Role of Race and Castes: Hegemonic masculinity is not uniform. Delve into how factors like race and caste influence the militarized identity. In the U.S., for instance, race plays a role in both public perceptions of who should wield power and the military-industrial complex. Likewise, caste and patriarchy in South Asia deeply influence political leaders' militarized identities.
5. Case Study: India and Pakistan – The Nuclearization of Masculinity
Historical Origins of the Conflict: Partition, Nuclear Nations, and Ongoing Rivalry
The India-Pakistan conflict can be traced back to the traumatic events of the 1947 partition, which led to the killing of countless innocent lives. The partition created two nation-states, India and Pakistan, each struggling with their identity and national security concerns. The partition not only sowed deep-rooted mistrust between the two countries but also left both states embroiled in unresolved issues, setting the stage for decades of conflict. To this day, there has been no formal reconciliation, and both nations have emerged as nuclear-armed states, amplifying the stakes of their rivalry.
Nuclear Tests of 1998: A Symbol of Rivalry and Masculine Nationalism
The nuclear tests conducted by India and Pakistan in May 1998, Pokhran-II and Chagai-I, respectively, symbolized the escalating rivalry between the two nations. These tests were celebrated as demonstrations of national strength, with political rhetoric that framed them as triumphs of technological and military prowess. In both countries, the discourse surrounding the nuclear tests was steeped in masculine posturing, linking national pride and security with the ability to wield nuclear power. The tests became emblematic of a deeply entrenched militaristic ultra-nationalism.
Caste, Patriarchy, and Militarism in India
In India, the remnants of the caste system and patriarchy have historically intersected with militarism, forming the basis for what can be described as "corporate fascism." This alliance, bolstered by neoliberal economic policies, has shaped the country’s military ambitions and nuclear policy. The glorification of nuclear capability is often tied to national identity, which is shaped by the upper-caste elite. This connection between caste privilege, ultra-nationalism, and militarism fosters a culture where military strength and nuclear capability are seen as markers of India's global stature, sidelining the needs of marginalized communities.
Pakistan’s Military and Masculinity
In Pakistan, the military has long been a dominant institution, and its nuclear capability is viewed as a critical deterrent against India. Nuclear weapons in Pakistan are often framed as symbols of masculine protection, offering security from a larger and more powerful neighbor. This narrative reinforces a militarized form of masculinity that places military strength above social welfare. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s statement in 1974, “We will eat grass, but we will get a bomb,” captures the lengths to which Pakistan has been willing to go to achieve nuclear status, often at the expense of economic and social well-being.
This entanglement of militarism, masculinity, and Ultra-nationalism continues to shape both India and Pakistan’s policies, leaving little room for sustainable peace or reconciliation.
6. Grassroots Movements and the Power of Peace Symbols
- Origami Cranes and Sadako Sasaki’s Story: Introduce the story of Sadako Sasaki, a young girl who folded a thousand paper cranes in hopes of surviving radiation sickness. Her story and the origami crane have become universal symbols of peace, resilience, and hope. Discuss how grassroots movements like the folding of origami cranes for Hiroshima and Nagasaki have influenced peace discourse globally.
- Grassroots Activism in Disarmament: Nihon Hidankyo isn’t alone in the global fight against nuclear weapons. Discuss other grassroots movements that have played a crucial role, such as the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and ICAN (International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons). Draw connections between these movements and Hibakusha activism, highlighting their shared strategies and goals.
- Personal Story of Harry and Origami: Harry, my Japanese intern, not only taught my son, Kabeer Karunik, the art of making origami cranes but also extended this experience to the children of the Bhagwanala slum in Varanasi. By training these children, Harry imparted not just a skill, but a profound symbol of peace and resilience in a community often marginalized and overlooked.
Origami cranes, with their deep-rooted association with peace after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, carry a powerful message of hope. In the hands of these children, the cranes became a metaphor for their own aspirations, transcending the boundaries of their circumstances. This act of cultural exchange bridged worlds, linking the struggle for a nuclear-free world with the local challenges of poverty and inequality in Varanasi.
The personal connections formed through this process illustrate the universal power of peace symbolism. Harry’s interaction with both Kabeer and the slum children highlighted how art, empathy, and shared experiences can transcend national, cultural, and socioeconomic divides, fostering a global narrative of unity and peace.
7. The Continuing Struggle: Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century
- Nuclear Modernization and Arms Races: The post-Cold War era saw a temporary reduction in global nuclear arsenals, but recent years have witnessed renewed modernization efforts, particularly in the U.S., Russia, China, and North Korea. Analyze these trends and their implications for global security.
- Crisis in the Nuclear Taboo: Examine how recent geopolitical events, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and heightened tensions in East Asia, have threatened the global nuclear taboo. Countries like North Korea continue to defy international norms, while others, like the U.S. and Russia, pursue modernization of their nuclear arsenals.
- South Asia’s Arms Race: Despite having relatively smaller arsenals, India and Pakistan remain key flashpoints in the global nuclear picture. Both countries continue to develop and deploy nuclear-capable missiles, with a strong undercurrent of masculine posturing in their political rhetoric.
8. Feminist Approaches to Disarmament and Peace
The imagery of Maa Kali and her indigenous wisdom aligns profoundly with feminist approaches to disarmament and peace, offering symbolic, spiritual, and philosophical perspectives that critique and dismantle hegemonic masculinity and militarism.
Feminist Theories and Indigenous Wisdom: Maa Kali’s Role
Feminist scholars, such as Cynthia Enloe and Carol Cohn, have critiqued the male-dominated discourse surrounding nuclear weapons and militarism. They challenge the conventional assumption that militarism and nuclear deterrence are essential for maintaining security. Instead, feminist theories emphasize that the control and dismantling of these masculine ideas of power and domination are vital to creating lasting peace.
The indigenous symbolism of Maa Kali, standing atop the supine body of Lord Shiva, represents this very principle. In Kali’s iconography, Shiva’s surrender to Kali is a powerful metaphor for the dismantling of militaristic pride and male ego. This indigenous wisdom closely mirrors feminist critiques, where the severing of heads in Kali’s garland symbolizes the control over hegemonic masculinity—the dominant form of male power rooted in violence, war-making, and control. Kali’s act represents the feminist push for a more peaceful, inclusive approach to global security, one that transcends militaristic power structures.
By integrating Maa Kali’s indigenous wisdom into feminist approaches to disarmament, we find a cultural and spiritual framework that challenges the hegemonic masculinity deeply ingrained in nuclear weapons discourse. Kali’s severing of heads is symbolic of cutting through the rationalization of violence, much like feminist critiques that question the necessity of war for peace.
Women’s Role in Peace Movements: Maa Kali as a Feminist Icon
The role of women in peace activism, particularly in nuclear disarmament efforts, echoes the transformative power of Maa Kali. Women have historically played a crucial role in reframing security in more humane, inclusive terms, breaking away from traditional male-centered militaristic ideologies.
For example, movements such as Women Cross DMZ, a group of international women peace activists led by Christine Ahn, have advocated for peace between North and South Korea. These efforts challenge the entrenched militarism and toxic masculinity that sustain the conflict. Much like Maa Kali, these women disrupt the traditional gendered narratives of war and peace, emphasizing that security must be founded on human well-being, not on weapons and deterrence.
Maa Kali’s image, with her fierce yet nurturing power, serves as a feminist icon in these peace movements. She embodies the ability to both destroy and create—to dismantle militarism and foster peace, much like women peace activists who aim to disrupt the war machine while building pathways for reconciliation. The garland of severed heads reflects the ability to control destructive masculine energy, while Shiva’s surrender suggests that peace is possible through the submission of violent male ego.
Intersectionality in Peace Efforts: The Broader Fight for Justice
A key tenet of feminist approaches to peace and disarmament is intersectionality, which recognizes that struggles against militarism must also address the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class, caste, and colonialism. This concept mirrors Maa Kali’s indigenous wisdom, which speaks to the broader cosmic balance between destructive and regenerative forces. Just as Kali represents both destruction and renewal, feminist peace movements seek to dismantle multiple forms of oppression while building systems rooted in equity and justice.
For instance, the intersectional approach within nuclear disarmament recognizes how militarism disproportionately affects women, particularly those in marginalized communities—from Indigenous peoples in nuclear testing sites to the poor and oppressed castes in regions of conflict. Feminist movements emphasize that security must be defined beyond national defense; it should include economic security, environmental sustainability, and social justice, all of which are interconnected with peace.
This intersectional perspective can be seen in campaigns led by groups like Nihon Hidankyo, which not only call for nuclear disarmament but also address the racial and class disparities experienced by atomic bomb survivors in Japan. These movements echo Kali’s lesson of the control of destructive male tendencies and speak to the dismantling of global systems of oppression and violence.
Maa Kali’s Symbolism in Global Disarmament Discourse
Feminist peace movements and Maa Kali’s indigenous wisdom share a transformative vision of a world where war is no longer necessary. Kali’s act of severing heads—of destroying the violent tendencies of militaristic masculinity—is symbolic of the global feminist movement’s call to dismantle the systems of violence that sustain nuclear arms races and military conflicts. Just as Kali transcends the cycle of creation and destruction, feminist peace movements seek to transcend the cycle of violence, advocating for disarmament and sustainable peace.
Nuclear disarmament efforts can incorporate this indigenous perspective, recognizing that militaristic ego and masculine pride must be surrendered for global peace to be achieved. Maa Kali’s teachings, combined with feminist theories, create a powerful framework that not only critiques militarism but also offers a path forward—one that is inclusive, intersectional, and just.
Conclusion: Indigenous Wisdom Meets Feminist Advocacy
By merging the teachings of Maa Kali with feminist theories on peace and disarmament, we create a rich and multidimensional critique of global militarism. Feminist scholars and peace activists alike argue for the dismantling of the hegemonic masculine structures that underpin war and nuclear deterrence, much like Kali’s severing of heads symbolizes the transcendence of violent masculine tendencies. Women’s peace movements across the globe, like Women Cross DMZ, embody the feminine force of Kali, challenging militarism and advocating for inclusive, humane security.
The intersectionality in feminist peace efforts highlights the need to address not just gender but the interlocking systems of oppression that militarism sustains. In this light, Maa Kali’s wisdom provides a spiritual and philosophical foundation for a feminist, intersectional approach to disarmament, where the control of ego and the surrender of militaristic pride lead to a peaceful and just world.
The Constitution of Madina: A Blueprint for Diversity, Inclusion, and Peace
The Constitution of Madina, drafted in the 7th century under Prophet Muhammad's leadership, is a pioneering document in the history of governance, peace, and pluralism. It established a framework for coexistence between diverse communities, emphasizing unity, justice, and mutual respect. Its principles offer valuable insights into how diversity can foster peace in multi-ethnic, multi-religious societies, making it a significant historical reference for modern discussions on governance, diversity, and conflict resolution.
Madina Constitution: A Model for Diversity and Coexistence
The Constitution of Madina (also known as the Sahifat al-Madina) was drafted in 622 CE to bring peace and order to the city of Yathrib (now Madina) after years of tribal conflict between the Aws and Khazraj tribes and tension with the Jewish tribes of the region. It was a social contract that aimed to create harmony among the diverse religious and ethnic communities of Madina, including Muslims, Jews, Christians, and pagan tribes.
This agreement is historically significant as it laid the foundation for an inclusive society where diverse religious identities were acknowledged and given protection under a common legal and political framework.
Key Features of the Constitution of Madina:
Equality and Unity: The Constitution recognized the equality of all citizens of Madina, regardless of religion or ethnicity. It emphasized that the different tribes and religious groups formed one community ("Ummah"), united for mutual defense and cooperation. This concept of unity without requiring religious uniformity was groundbreaking at the time and remains relevant for diverse societies today.
Religious Freedom and Autonomy: The Constitution guaranteed religious freedom, allowing each religious group to practice its faith without interference. It also allowed the Jewish tribes to maintain their own religious laws and customs, setting a precedent for pluralism and religious autonomy within a unified political system. This principle can be seen as a precursor to modern-day notions of religious tolerance and minority rights.
Mutual Protection and Defense: One of the most important provisions was the agreement that all citizens would defend Madina against external threats, irrespective of tribal or religious affiliation. This collective responsibility for security reinforced the idea that peace and stability could only be maintained through mutual support and cooperation among diverse groups.
Justice and Rule of Law: The Constitution established the Prophet Muhammad as the ultimate arbiter of disputes, but it also laid down principles for justice that applied to all groups equally. This ensured that no tribe or religious group would be subject to unfair treatment or marginalization, providing a framework for inclusive governance based on the rule of law.
Diversity as a Source of Strength
The Madina Constitution promoted the idea that diversity is not a threat but a source of strength. By acknowledging the unique identities and rights of each community while also promoting unity under a shared legal and moral code, it demonstrated that peaceful coexistence is achievable through inclusive governance.
In contemporary terms, the Madina Constitution serves as a model for how multicultural societies can flourish. By creating mechanisms for cooperation, shared responsibility, and mutual respect, the document established a society where peace was built on the recognition and celebration of diversity, not its suppression.
Lessons for Modern Peacebuilding
Pluralism and Religious Tolerance: The Constitution of Madina's protection of diverse religious groups serves as an important lesson for modern societies struggling with sectarian conflict and religious intolerance. The inclusion of minority rights and freedom of worship are core principles that can help foster peace in multicultural societies.
Collective Security: The idea of collective security, where all members of a society are responsible for the protection of the whole, resonates with modern concepts of inclusive security. The Constitution recognized that peace requires the participation and cooperation of all communities, a principle that applies equally to today's global efforts at peacebuilding.
Inclusive Governance and Social Justice: The Madina Constitution's emphasis on fairness, justice, and equal treatment of all communities is a cornerstone of sustainable peace. The rule of law and the commitment to resolving conflicts through arbitration rather than violence are essential components of good governance and social cohesion in diverse societies.
Conflict Resolution and Mediation: The Constitution also played a role in conflict resolution, as it was drafted in response to the ongoing inter-tribal warfare in Madina. By providing a legal framework for addressing grievances and ensuring justice, the Constitution created conditions for peaceful coexistence. This approach to mediation and conflict resolution is critical in resolving modern conflicts, particularly in regions with ethnic and religious diversity.
Modern Relevance: Diversity, Inclusion, and Peace
The principles of the Madina Constitution resonate with current discussions on human rights, social justice, and peacebuilding. It shows that diversity—when managed through inclusive governance and mutual respect—can lead to social harmony and strength. In today's world, where divisions along religious, ethnic, and cultural lines often lead to violence, the lessons from Madina offer a powerful example of how pluralism can be structured to create lasting peace.
Countries and societies grappling with multiculturalism can draw inspiration from this ancient document, adapting its principles to modern constitutional frameworks that promote human rights, religious freedom, and social justice.
Conclusion
The Constitution of Madina is a remarkable historical document that provides timeless lessons on the management of diversity and peace. Its recognition of pluralism, justice, and collective responsibility remains relevant for contemporary societies that seek to build peace in diverse and often divided communities. By promoting an inclusive, just society where all groups are respected and treated fairly, the Madina Constitution stands as a model for creating sustainable peace in a complex world.
9. Conclusion: Nihon Hidankyo’s Legacy and the Future of Disarmament
- Summarizing Key Points: Reflect on how Nihon Hidankyo’s Nobel Peace Prize win symbolizes a continued global resistance to nuclear weapons, militarism, and hegemonic masculinity.
- Looking Forward: Offer a hopeful outlook on the future of disarmament, considering how lessons from Nihon Hidankyo’s activism can be applied to contemporary conflicts, particularly in regions like South Asia. Highlight the importance of feminist, grassroots, and youth-led peace movements in continuing the fight for a world free of nuclear weapons.
References
Books & Articles on Nuclear Disarmament and Peace Movements:
- Cohn, Carol. "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals." Signs, vol. 12, no. 4, 1987.
- Tannenwald, Nina. The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons Since 1945. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- Enloe, Cynthia. The Curious Feminist: Searching for Women in a New Age of Empire. University of California Press, 2004.
- Sikka, Tina. "Gendering Nuclear Disarmament: The Power of Anti-Nuclear Feminism." The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2019.
Testimonies and Hibakusha Narratives:
- Yuki, Tanaka, and Marilyn B. Young, eds. Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth-Century History. The New Press, 2010.
- Thurlow, Setsuko. "The Legacy of Hiroshima: A Hibakusha’s Testimony." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2017.
- Sasaki, Sadako. Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes. G.P. Putnam's Sons Books, 1977.
Theoretical Perspectives on Militarism and Masculinity:
- Connell, R.W. Masculinities. University of California Press, 2005.
- Hooper, Charlotte. Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics. Columbia University Press, 2001.
- True, Jacqui. "Feminism and International Relations: An Unfinished Journey." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, 2010.
Nuclear Weapons and South Asia:
- Ganguly, Sumit, and Devin T. Hagerty. Fearful Symmetry: India-Pakistan Crises in the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons. Oxford University Press, 2005.
- Basrur, Rajesh. Minimum Deterrence and India’s Nuclear Security. Stanford University Press, 2006.
- Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali. Myth of Independence. Oxford University Press, 1969.
International Organizations & Treaties:
- United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA): www.un.org/disarmament/
- International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN): www.icanw.org
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW): www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/
Reports & Testimonies on Disarmament and Peace:
- International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), "Global Fissile Material Report 2020: Ending the Production of Fissile Materials for Nuclear Weapons." Princeton University, 2020.
- “Hibakusha Testimony Archive.” Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, https://hpmmuseum.jp
Friday, October 11, 2024
Lenin Raghuvanshi on the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize: A Call for Addressing Hegemonic Masculinity in Nuclear Nations
Lenin Raghuvanshi on the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize: A Call for Addressing Hegemonic Masculinity in Nuclear Nations
The awarding of the #NobelPeacePrize to Nihon Hidankyo—a grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors—marks a powerful moment for global disarmament. But as Lenin Raghuvanshi emphasizes, true peace requires dismantling hegemonic masculinity, patriarchy, and the caste systems that fuel militarism. The wars in Ukraine and the Middle East exemplify how toxic masculinity often drives conflict instead of diplomatic dialogue.
As the world honors the Hibakusha’s activism, Raghuvanshi’s vision calls for a global movement that integrates disarmament with gender and social justice to ensure lasting peace.
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